攝論｜四無量心：如何對治嗔恨、嫉妒與偏心？
中英雙語知識點｜
課程時間：2026年9月19日（星期六）
本資料依課堂內容整理，採忠於原意的結構化潤稿。課堂中的案例與分析，屬於佛法學習與討論，不取代法律、醫療或精神醫學專業判斷。
一、適合對象｜Suitable Participants
• 已接觸佛法、禪修或《攝論》相關學習，希望進一步理解四無量心者。
Students with some background in Buddhism, meditation, or the Shelun studies who wish to understand the Four Immeasurables more deeply.
• 容易受嗔恨、嫉妒、比較心或人際衝突影響者。
Those who struggle with anger, jealousy, comparison, or interpersonal conflict.
• 希望把慈悲、隨喜與平等心落實在家庭、社交媒體及日常生活者。
Those who wish to apply compassion, appreciative joy, and equanimity in family life, social media use, and daily relationships.
二、風險留意｜Important Notes
• 「貪型人、嗔型人」是佛教禪修與性格分析的課堂框架，不是現代心理學診斷。
The classifications of greed-type and anger-type persons are Buddhist meditation frameworks, not modern psychological diagnoses.
• 慈悲不等於縱容或討好；捨心不等於冷漠。修行仍需配合智慧、界線與正確判斷。
Compassion does not mean indulgence or people-pleasing, and equanimity does not mean indifference. Practice must be supported by wisdom, boundaries, and sound judgment.
• 有關精神狀態、殺生與戒律的內容，是佛教倫理角度的討論，不直接等同現代法律責任。
The discussion of mental capacity, killing, and discipline is presented from a Buddhist ethical perspective and should not be equated directly with modern legal responsibility.
• 深定不等於解脫。若只追求特殊定境而忽略智慧觀察，可能偏離佛法修行的核心方向。
Deep concentration is not identical to liberation. Pursuing extraordinary states while neglecting wisdom may lead away from the central direction of Buddhist practice.
三、課程核心內容｜Core Course Content
1. 四無量心的基本意義｜The Four Immeasurables
慈 Metta 希望眾生得到幸福與安樂，主要對治嗔恨。
Wishing beings to be happy and well; it mainly counteracts anger and ill will.
悲 Karuna 看見眾生受苦而生起不忍，希望眾生離苦。
Recognising suffering and wishing beings to be free from it.
喜 Mudita 對他人的成就、幸福與富足感到歡喜，對治嫉妒與不滿。
Rejoicing in the happiness and success of others; it counteracts jealousy and resentment.
捨 Upekkha 不被偏愛與反感牽引，以較平等、穩定的心看待眾生。
Relating to beings with balance, without being controlled by attachment or aversion.
2. 慈心禪的修習次第｜The Progression of Loving-Kindness Practice
• 從自己開始，再擴展到尊敬或親近的人、中性的人，最後是令自己討厭的人。
Begin with oneself, then extend loving-kindness to respected or close people, neutral people, and finally difficult people.
• 可配合祝福語反覆練習，例如：「願我幸福，願我平安，願我遠離痛苦。」
Use repeated phrases such as: “May I be happy, may I be safe, may I be free from suffering.”
• 重點不只是念誦，而是觀察心逐漸柔軟、安定與善意的變化。
The practice is not merely verbal repetition; observe the gradual development of softness, stability, and goodwill.
3. 慈悲與界線｜Compassion and Boundaries
• 慈悲不是任由別人傷害自己，也不是對所有行為都表示同意。
Compassion does not mean allowing others to harm us or approving every action.
• 對於容易心軟、討好別人的人，慈悲必須與智慧及界線並行。
For those who are overly soft-hearted or people-pleasing, compassion must be balanced with
wisdom and boundaries.
4. 其他禪修對治方法｜Other Contemplative Methods
• 食厭想：觀察食物由入口、消化至排泄的過程，減少對食物的貪著。
Contemplation of the repulsiveness of food: observing the process from eating and digestion to elimination, in order to reduce attachment to food.
• 四大分別觀：觀察身體由地、水、火、風等條件組成，鬆動固定的我執。
Analysis of the four elements: observing the body as a combination of conditions, helping loosen attachment to a fixed self.
• 無色界定：深定仍需配合智慧，不能把特殊定境直接等同解脫。
Formless absorptions: deep concentration must be accompanied by wisdom and should not be equated directly with liberation.
四、佛法與現實生活｜Applying the Teachings
社交媒體與嗔恨｜Social Media and Anger
社交媒體的演算法可能不斷推送令人憤怒或對立的內容。當情緒不穩時，適度減少觀看敵對者的動態，可以先保護自己的心，再以較清醒的狀態面對問題。
Social-media algorithms may repeatedly expose us to content that fuels anger and division.
When emotionally unsettled, reducing exposure to hostile content can protect the mind and allow us to respond more clearly.
戒律與責任｜Ethical Responsibility
課堂透過案例討論佛教戒律如何考慮行為人的認知、故意與辨識能力。佛教倫理不只觀察外在結果，
也分析行為是否在清醒、明確及具備理解能力的狀態下完成。
Through a case discussion, the class considers how Buddhist ethics examines awareness, intention, and the ability to recognise the nature of an act. Ethical analysis does not look only at the external result, but also at whether the action was carried out knowingly and intentionally.
五、核心課程成果｜Learning Outcomes
• 能說明慈、悲、喜、捨的基本意義。
Explain the meaning of loving-kindness, compassion, appreciative joy, and equanimity.
• 能分辨四無量心各自對治的煩惱。
Identify the defilements addressed by each of the Four Immeasurables.
• 掌握慈心禪由自己逐步擴展至他人的基本次第。
Understand the basic progression of loving-kindness meditation.
• 理解慈悲必須與智慧、界線及平等心相配合。
Understand that compassion must be balanced with wisdom, boundaries, and equanimity.
• 嘗試把四無量心應用於家庭、人際關係及社交媒體使用。
Apply the Four Immeasurables to family life, relationships, and social-media use.
六、課堂定位｜Course Positioning
本課為二諦精舍星期六《攝論》佛學課，由開心師父講授。課程重視經論理解、禪修對治與生活實踐，適合願意持續學習、辨析與反省的學員。
This is a Saturday Shelun Buddhist studies class at Erdi Vihara, taught by Shifu Kaixin. The course integrates scriptural study, contemplative practice, and daily-life application for students who are willing to study, analyse, and reflect continuously.